執行功能訓練課程 第18課:正念練習工具箱
🌟 三大法寶核心功能
✅ 冥想 → 訓練注意力穩定度
✅ 深呼吸 → 即時降壓急救包
✅ 身體掃描 → 減衝動 + 提升自我感知
1️⃣ 冥想:馴服「思想跑馬仔」
🔑 點樣做?
基本版:每日5分鐘靜坐,專注鼻尖呼吸起伏
進階版:用「思想雲觀察法」→ 當雜念飄過時當睇緊天上雲,唔使追住跑
ADHD貼士:
▸ 初學者可開白噪音/輕音樂輔助
▸ 坐唔定?試吓邊行路邊冥想(專注腳板觸地感覺)
▸ 用手機App計時,由1分鐘逐步加時
💡 科學實證:
持續8週練習可提升前額葉皮質活躍度(主管專注力)
減少「任務轉換」時嘅腦力消耗
2️⃣ 深呼吸:3秒急救冷靜術
🌀 黃金比例呼吸法:
「吸氣4秒 → 屏息2秒 → 呼氣6秒」× 5循環
(原理:啟動副交感神經=身體煞車系統)
🚨 適用場景:
準備爆躁前 → 躲廁所做3組「獅子呼吸」👅(大力呼氣伸舌頭)
溫書分心時 → 用「蜂鳴呼吸法」🐝(呼氣時鼻腔震動發聲)
瞓覺冚唔埋眼 → 「478睡眠呼吸法」💤
⚠️ 注意:
避免過度換氣 → 保持肩膀放鬆
隨身帶薄荷糖,呼吸時配合清涼感更易集中
3️⃣ 身體掃描:從「坐唔定」到「定過抬油」
👣 分步指南:
躺平/坐直 → 腳趾公開始「逐吋移動注意力」
每個部位問:「呢度緊/痺/暖定凍?」❄️🔥
遇到「冇感覺」都OK!重點係觀察嘅過程
🎮 ADHD專屬玩法:
動態版:一邊拍打身體部位一邊掃描(增強觸覺回饋)
創意版:想像掃描器係部「藍牙探測機」逐part連線📶
速食版:等車時淨係掃描雙手(從掌心到指甲)
🧠 神經科學原理:
→ 刺激島葉皮質(負責身體感知)
→ 降低杏仁核活躍度(減少焦慮反應)
🧩 綜合實戰策略
⏰ 時間管理:
「番茄鐘變奏法」🍅:25分鐘工作 → 5分鐘正念練習
將練習融入日常:
▸ 刷牙時做腳趾掃描
▸ 等lift時做3組深呼吸
▸ 沖涼時玩「呼吸霧氣遊戲」(觀察呼吸點樣影響霧氣)
🛠️ 克服困難技巧:
覺得悶?→ 換不同感官焦點(今日聽冷氣聲,明日聞紙張味)
經常忘記?→ 設定手機「隨機提示」(每日3次禪風鈴聲🔔)
冇效果?→ 記錄「正念日記」📒:
⭐ 今日邊個時刻用到技巧?
⭐ 身體/情緒有咩微妙變化?
💬 學員Q&A
Q:成日數錯呼吸次數點算?
A:恭喜!發現自己分心正係練習嘅重點,溫柔咁帶返注意力就得~
Q:做身體掃描會瞓著正常嗎?
A:絕對OK!反映身體需要休息,瞓醒再繼續練習
Q:ADHD係咪永遠做唔到30分鐘冥想?
A:毋須追求時長!研究顯示「微量多次」更有效(例如每日6次×2分鐘)
🌈 總結:正念唔係「停止思想」,而係...
→ 學識同自己嘅ADHD特質跳tango 💃🕺
→ 將「過度活躍」轉化成「敏銳覺察」嘅超能力
→ 記住:練習過程本身已經係進步!
References:
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Cairncross, M., & Miller, C. J. (2020). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(6), 785-797. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715625301
Hiltunen, A., Kocys, E., & Perrin-Wallqvist, R. (2021). Diaphragmatic breathing improves executive functioning in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(5), 518-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13412
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (Revised ed.). Bantam Books.
Mitchell, J. T., Zylowska, L., & Kollins, S. H. (2015). Mindfulness meditation training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adulthood: Current empirical support, treatment overview, and future directions. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22(2), 172-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.10.002
Poissant, H., Mendrek, A., Talbot, N., Khouzam, M., & Malo, P. (2024). Body scan meditation in ADHD: Effects on impulsivity and emotional regulation. Mindfulness, 15(9), 2103-2115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02145-3
Smith, A. (2021, May 18). Breathing exercises may improve attention in ADHD children, study finds. ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/05/210518101212.htm
Thompson, L. (2024, September 17). Identifying body-scan postures suitable for people with hyperactivity tendency. ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/09/240917125412.htm
Williams, J. (n.d.). Deep breathing exercises for ADHD meditation. ADDitude Magazine. https://www.additudemag.com/deep-breathing-exercises-for-adhd-meditation/
Wilson, K. (n.d.). How to practice mindfulness with ADHD. ADDitude Magazine. https://www.additudemag.com/how-to-practice-mindfulness-adhd/